In our first post we covered aluminum sulfate’s composition and practical uses. At Affinity Chemical, we believe in making safety a priority, so in this post we discuss safety guidelines, and safe storage and handling of alum.
General Safety Guidelines
处理和储存硫酸铝时应遵循一般安全程序. These include (1):
- 所有化学产品必须按照安全说明书上的说明进行储存和标记. Chemicals must normally be stored in their original packaging. 如果你需要少量的化学物质，新的包装必须适合该物质.
- 化学品不得与易燃物品、气瓶等储存在一起.
- 化学容器在不使用时必须盖上盖子储存.
- 处理和清理泄漏的设备必须准备就绪，并适用于所存储的化学品. 将设备放置在化学品仓库外是合适的.
- 重要的是，储物柜和房间的火灾分类要与其中储存的化学品的类型和数量相匹配.
- 可燃物必须储存在防火橱柜或单独的空间.
- Use personal protection equipment (e.g., gloves, face mask) where necessary.
- 剩余化学品和危险废物必须按照安全数据表中的信息进行处理.
- First Aid equipment must be available.
- Workplaces must be cleaned regularly. There must not be chemical spills on the floor.
Human Risks of Aluminum Sulfate
虽然硫酸铝是一种用途广泛的化学品，但它并非没有风险. It is designated as a hazardous substance under the 综合环境反应，赔偿和责任法案 (CERCLA) (3).
Toxicology Information
Acute Toxicity Estimate: The acute oral LD50 is greater than 5,000 mg/kg.
Chronic Toxicity Estimate: The acute oral LD50 is greater than 5,000 mg/kg.
Symptoms of Overexposure: May cause skin and eye irritation. 如果吸入，可能引起头痛、恶心和呼吸道刺激.
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as a carcinogen by NTP, IARC, or OSHA.
Other Possible Health Hazards: 硫酸铝常见的损伤是局部组织刺激. 刺激作用通常来自水解形成硫酸，也可能发生于摄入, skin or eye contact, or inhalation of dusts and mists. Remove victim from contaminated area.
进入途径:食入、皮肤或眼睛接触或吸入灰尘和雾霭.
SKIN / EYES: May cause corneal burns or severe irritation in eyes. Fumes or mists may cause irritation or burns to skin.
INGESTION: Oral and gastrointestinal irritation. Local tissue damage. 随后可能出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻和胃肠道出血. Can be fatal if swallowed in sufficient quantities.
INHALATION: Irritation of the respiratory system. 长期接触可能引起支气管刺激、咳嗽和支气管肺炎. 急性和慢性呼吸道疾病通常是病情加重的原因.
First Aid Measures
Skin/Eye Contact: 对于皮肤，立即在安全淋浴下脱去被污染的衣服. Flush skin with running water for at least 15 minutes. Launder clothes before reuse. For eyes, flush carefully in eye wash for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; cautiously flush person’s eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes. Seek Medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth. 立即口服大量水或牛奶稀释吞下的物质. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. NEVER administer liquids orally to an unconscious person. 如果病人感到不适或服用超过几滴，请致电医生或中毒控制中心.
Inhalation: Seek medical assistance if irritation is noted, if person is having difficulty breathing, or the possibility exists of fluid in the lungs. Remove victim from the contaminated atmosphere. If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration. 呼吸微弱时，可使用手提式面罩或手动供气，供气速度至少为每秒1升.
Environmental Risks of Aluminum Sulfate
如果处理不当，硫酸铝不仅对人体有害, it can also create risks to the environment.
硫酸铝是一种干酸，如果不小心溢出，会产生高酸性区域. If the spilled material does not come into contact with moisture, 其中大部分可以在发生严重的酸化之前清理干净. However, if it is spill outdoors, most soils are typically fissured, loose, and sometimes moist, making complete soil cleanup unlikely (3).
As stated earlier, 如果明矾与水混合，会产生硫酸，会导致植物和野生动物烧伤，如果被动物摄入，会导致死亡.
Safe Storage and Handling
Smoking and/or eating is not recommended in storage areas. Stainless steel or fiberglass tanks are recommended. Keep product away from heat sources and direct sunlight. Do not reuse storage containers unless properly reconditioned. Isolate appropriately from chemicals where low pH could create a hazardous byproduct; for example a combination with hypochlorite could lead to the evolution of chlorine gas.
Accidental Release
For cleanup of the dry form of alum, 清扫或铲掉化合物的溢出物，放入有盖的容器中. After that, 用大量的水冲洗掉残渣，并用苏打灰或石灰中和, if necessary (2).
对于液体形式，穿戴适合处理物料的个人防护装备. No smoking or eating in spill areas. Absorb small spills with sand or vermiculite. Place contaminated material in appropriate container for disposal.
If spilled on the ground, 受影响的区域应移至1至2英寸深，并放置在适当的容器中进行处理. 大的泄漏应该根据你的组织预定的计划来处理. Do not flush material to public sewer systems or any waterways.
在进行清洁活动时，应穿戴适当的防护衣物和设备. 确保清洁后对工具和设备进行充分的消毒. 中和溢出物/泄漏物时需要足够的通风(5).
Fire-Fighting Measures
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Not combustible. Use extinguishing agents appropriate for surrounding fire.
Special Fire Fighting: Move container from fire area if it can be done without risk. 佩戴自给式呼吸器，避免吸入物质或燃烧副产品. Dike area to prevent runoff and contamination of water source. Stay upwind and keep out of low areas.
Unusual Fire/Explosion: 在超过650°C或1202°F的火灾条件下, decomposes to give off sulfur trioxide, an oxidizing agent which will support combustion. Sulfur trioxide will react to form sulfuric acid.
Exposure Controls / Personal Protection
Component: Aluminum Sulfate tetradecahydrate
CAS#: 16828-12-9
OSHA PEL: 2.0 mg/m3 (as Al)
ACGIH TLV: 2.0 mg/m3 (as Al)
If airborne exposures exceed 1.0 mg/m3，建议使用负压空气净化呼吸器. 墨盒必须通过NIOSH / MSHA认证，以防止TWA大于0的灰尘和薄雾.05 mg/m3.
此外，洗眼器和安全淋浴器应在存储和使用点附近可用.
应保护暴露在外的皮肤和眼睛，避免与皮肤和衣物接触. 最低限度的个人防护装备是封闭的护目镜和/或面罩和手套(橡胶,neoprene,PVC) with work clothing covering other exposed skin.
Arriving material may be hot; personnel performing unload operations should have additional PPE such as a rainsuit/slicker suit, goggles with face shield, and appropriate footwear and gloves.
Disposal
与现场环境人员和/或州和联邦机构联系，了解符合环境法规的处理程序.
In conclusion, if you follow these safety, storage, and handling guidelines, you will be able to use aluminum sulfate safely. 要了解更多全球彩票app的明矾产品和访问安全数据和产品数据表，请访问全球彩票app下载的 product page.
References
- http://www.kemi.se / en / prio-start / chemicals-in-practical-use / safe-handling-of-chemicals
- http://aluminumsulfate.net/
- http://www.beyondpesticides.org/assets/media/documents/BP%20comments%20on%20aluminum%20sulfate.final.pdf
- http://www.aanaaanaaanaaana.net/content/uploads/2019/05/AffinityChemicalSDSV1P0.pdf
